SQL Features & Versions

Sql Server 2000 :

  • Version 8
  • Query analyser & enterprise manager are seperate
  • We can create 65535 databases only
  • Datetime datatype used for both date & time

Sql Server 2005 :

  • Version 9
  • Query analyser & enterprise manager are combined as SSMS
  • XML datatype is introduced
  • We can create max (2^20-1) databases
  • Ranking functions (Row_Number, Rank, Dense_Rank, Ntile for paging)
  • varchar(max) datatype
  • Exception Handling (Try catch block)
  • Database mirroring
  • CTE (Common table expression)
  • Pivot, Unpivot
  • Cube, Rollup, Grouping set
  • Synonyms
  • Bulk copy insert
  • DDL triggers
  • Table fragmentation
  • Full text search
  • Can compress the table & indexes  (In sql 2005 SP2)
  • SSIS introduced
  • Table datatype introduced

Sql Server 2008 :

  • Version 10
  • XML datatype used
  • Initialize variables (Declare & initialize variable in single statement)
  • Compound assignment operators (+=, -=, *=, /=, %=)
  • Enhanced convert function (Conversion between binary & hexadecimal)
  • Merge statement
  • Filtered Index
  • Change data capture
  • Can encrypt entire db in 2008 introduced
  • PBM (Policy based management) introduced
  • CMS (Centralized management server) introduced
  • Table datatype available
  • Date, time,geospatial,timestamp introduced for different date time format

Sql Server 2008 R2 :

  • Version 10.50
  • PowerPivot for sharepoint, excel
  • Multi-server administration & data-tier application
  • Master data services introduced
  • Extended protection to connect database engine

Sql Server 2012 :

  • Version 11
  • AlwaysOn Availability Groups HADR (High Availability and Disaster Recovery)
  • Column store Index introduced
  • User-defined server roles
  • Sql Server data tool for BI
  • Order by clause with Offset/fetch option
  • New features to sql try_convert(), format()
  • In-memory OLTP introduced

Sql Server 2014 :

  • Version 12
  • In-memory OLTP extended
  • Column store Index extended
  • Resource governor for I/O & I/O control
  • Incremental statistics
  • Most other features are related to Sql Azure

Sql Server 2016 :

  • Version CTP3.2
  • Integration with Hadoop
  • Data masking
  • Live execution plan
  • Row level security
  • Non Clustered Index Key length in SQL Server 2016 CTP 3.0 has been increased from 900 bytes to 1700 bytes

SQL Versions & Builds : 
 RTM (no SP)SP1SP2SP3SP4
↓ SQL Server 2017
     codename vNext		14.0.1000.169
*new		    
↓ SQL Server 201613.0.1601.513.0.4001.0
or 13.1.4001.0		13.0.5026.0
or 13.2.5026.0
↓ SQL Server 201412.0.2000.812.0.4100.1
or 12.1.4100.1		12.0.5000.0
or 12.2.5000.0		  
↓ SQL Server 2012
     codename Denali		11.0.2100.6011.0.3000.0
or 11.1.3000.0		11.0.5058.0
or 11.2.5058.0		11.0.6020.0
or 11.3.6020.0		11.0.7001.0
or 11.4.7001.0
↓ SQL Server 2008 R2
     codename Kilimanjaro		10.50.1600.110.50.2500.0
or 10.51.2500.0		10.50.4000.0
or 10.52.4000.0		10.50.6000.34
or 10.53.6000.34		 
↓ SQL Server 2008
     codename Katmai		10.0.1600.2210.0.2531.0
or 10.1.2531.0		10.0.4000.0
or 10.2.4000.0		10.0.5500.0
or 10.3.5500.0		10.0.6000.29
or 10.4.6000.29
↓ SQL Server 2005
     codename Yukon		9.0.1399.069.0.20479.0.30429.0.40359.0.5000
↓ SQL Server 2000
     codename Shiloh		8.0.1948.0.3848.0.5328.0.7608.0.2039
↓ SQL Server 7.0
     codename Sphinx		7.0.6237.0.6997.0.8427.0.9617.0.1063

All SQLServer service packs are cumulative, meaning that each new service pack contains all the fixes that are included with previous service packs and any new fixes.


Reference : 
SQL Server Builds
Wikipedia
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